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- ItemImpact of FDI on economic growth, re-industrialisation and regional disparities in emerging Europe – the case of the Hungarian regions(2024) Gál, Zoltán; Singh, D.The paper examines the nexus of FDI inflow, the FDI dispersion among companies, and GDP per capita along with the selected socio-economic variables, and re-industrialisation in the Hungarian regions. The paper uses the NUT 3 level data from 2001 to 2018 and employs the generalised method of moments (GMM) in regions characterised by the different phases of industrialisation. The econometric analysis confirms three variations of bidirectional IFDI, GDP growth and FDI dispersion nexus which can be explained by the fact that the positive effect of FDI-driven growth is spatially concentrated according to the different regional patterns of industrialisation. Both the 'FDI-driven growth hypothesis' and the 'GDP growth-driven FDI hypothesis' have been confirmed under certain regional conditions. The results show that the FDI-driven growth model of CEE is not sufficient to ensure the long-term prosperity of regions since the positive effect of FDI-driven economic growth is only short-term and spatially concentrated, further exacerbating territorial inequalities.
- ItemDoes István Bibó’s concept of the „Misery of Small States” carry a message for the Western Balkans today?(2024) Hajdú, Zoltán; Rácz, SzilárdIstván Bibó (1911-1979), a lawyer and doctor of political science by profession, became a prominent Hungarian political theorist from the late 1930s. He joined the left-wing populist party and became an expert on constitutional affairs for the National Peasant Party. He obtained professorship at a young age and was elected correspond-ing member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1946. The hereby analyzed work – foregrounded by years of preliminary research – was published in large numbers shortly after the end of World War 2 (1946). Drawing on extensive international theo-retical and historical knowledge, Bibó analyzed the long-term evolution of historical processes in Central-East Europe (addressing the two regions separately and togeth-er), concluding that disruptions in the neighbourhood context, internal conflicts and divisions have been the major factors behind the repeated failures, the „misery” of the small states of the region (Czechia/Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary). Despite not being a „Balkan scholar”, Bibó was well acquainted with the advances of interna-tional and particularly Hungarian research, with an outlook to state-building processes in the Balkans and providing particular insights on the states in question. Bibó became notorious for his involvement, his ethical, principled stance demonstrated during the 1956 revolution but his scientific contributions were recognized only after his death with the publication of his works in foreign languages. Bibó’s state and political theoretical approaches and his insights on ethical peace may have particular relevance for the Western Balkans today. A series of unresolved internal issues within the region can create legitimate grounds for external intervention even in present-day circumstances.
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- ItemSocial capital and trust: the ‘fuel’ of local integration of small rural enterprises(2023) Tomay, Kyra; Hegedüs, MárkIn the present article we examine a sub-segment of the locally integrated social group: rural small entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs are especially interesting from the integration point of view since in the current academic discourse, entrepreneurship is considered as a contextual process, in which entrepreneurs depend on local information and resources, and base their activities on the needs of the local environment, therefore, rural entrepreneurs are commonly studied through the concepts of local embeddedness, social capital and trust. The aim of our paper is to contribute to the understanding of the those mechanisms: the impact of trust among entrepreneurs and their social networks resulting the local integration of this rural group. The study based on 25 semi-structured in-depth interviews, focuses on the role of values, attitudes, social capital and trust networks in local economic success in three Hungarian settlements of different size: a small village of 300, a small town of 3,000 and a medium-sized town of 30,000 inhabitants. Our conclusion is that in case of rural small entrepreneurship, community resources (values, attitudes, social capital and trust) are of chief role in the foundation and existence of a local entrepreneurial ecosystem, however, their efforts have to be accompanied by an institutional framework to make them sustainable in the long term.
- ItemMigratory birds: Dehumanization of migrant workers in West Hungary(2024) Jankó, Ferenc; Czirfusz, Márton; Berki, MártonThe region of West Hungary surrounding Sopron has experienced large migrant worker inflows from rural Hungary and neighbouring countries into low‐skilled jobs in pre‐COVID‐19 years. This research interviewed workers, labour market intermediaries, employers, and hosts to explore how the fundamental humanity of migrant workers is denied in the labour process. The paper draws on geographical research examining the embodied agency of workers and analyses the literature on dehumanization to highlight the construction of dehumanization narratives in the social relations of migrant recruitment, training, employment, and accommodation. Theoretically, the paper argues that production and reproduction sites require consideration when examining the dehumanization of migrant labour. The empirical part of the paper contributes to the literature by unpacking various dehumanization strategies involving social boundary‐making based on nationality, ethnicity, and gender.