Folyóiratcikkek - idegen nyelvű (RKI)
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- ItemAccess to urban green spaces and environmental inequality in post-socialist cities(2020) Csomós, György; Farkas, Jenő Zsolt; Kovács, ZoltánAccess to urban green spaces and environmental inequalities are increasingly on the agenda in contemporary cities due to increasing density of people, widening social inequalities, and limited access to Urban Green Spaces (UGS). This is even so in post-socialist cities where recent urban sprawl and suburbanisation could be strongly linked to the scarcity of adequate green spaces in the inner-parts of cities. This paper examines the provision and accessibility of public green spaces in Debrecen, a second tier city in post-socialist Hungary, with applying a walking distance approach. Using GIS technology and socio-demographic data of residents the study assesses the availability and accessibility of green spaces in the city, and their social equity. According to research results the geographical distribution of UGS is very uneven in the city, some neighbourhoods lack public green spaces, while others are well-supplied. This is partly due to the natural environment and the post-WWII development of the city. Research findings show that the quality of residential green spaces is generally poor or very poor. Research also confirmed the widening environmental inequalities within the local society. New upmarket residential areas, where the wealthiest section of population reside are rich in high-quality (private) green spaces. Other lower-status neighbourhoods, including some of the socialist housing estates, suffer from the lack of good quality green spaces. Authors argue that environmental justice should be a core concept of city-planning considering not only the officially designated public green spaces, but also other forms of urban green (institutional, private etc.).
- ItemAdaptation to climate change with green infrastructure in urban environmen = A városi zöld infrastruktúra vizsgálata a klímaváltozással szembeni adaptációkban(2018) Hoyk, EditA klímaváltozás negatív hatásaival szembeni adaptáció városi környezetben elsősorban a túlzott felmelegedés elleni védekezésre, ill. a városi hősziget-hatás mérséklésére fókuszál. Ebben a folyamatban a zöld infrastruktúrának kitüntetett szerepe van, és kell, hogy legyen a jövőben is. Jelen tanulmányban egy magyarországi középváros, Kecskemét példáján mutatjuk be a városon belüli mikroklimatikus eltéréseket, amelyek utalnak a városi hősziget kialakulására. Mennyiségi és minőségi szempontból elemezzük a belváros zöldfelületeit, amelyek szerepet játszhatnak a hősziget-hatás csökkentésében, valamint kitérünk a túlmelegedéssel szembeni egyéb adaptációs lehetőségekre, mint pl. zöld falak és homlokzatok, zöld tetők, reflektív tetők és járdák, stb. Következtetésként javaslatokat fogalmazunk meg az egyes, zöld infrastruktúrához kötődő adaptációs eszközök alkalmazási lehetőségeivel kapcsolatban, amelyek egy kontinentális klímájú, közép-kelet európai középváros esetében hatékonyan szolgálhatják a klímaváltozás negatív hatásainak mérséklését.
- ItemAdvancing marginalisation of Roma and forms of segregation in East Central Europe(2015) Kovács, KatalinThe thematic focus of this article is on school segregation and its relationship to residential segregation as manifested in six villages and two towns in adjacent lagging regions of Hungary and Slovakia. The strong correlation of the two was evident in village ghettos but turned out not to be straightforward in mixed communities where a ghetto school can be created through ‘white flight’ of the non-Roma children even if the proportion of Roma in the community is low. Approximately 60% of Roma in these countries live in segregated neighbourhoods, and their children are taught in segregated schools or classes. These two circumstances already indicate overlap in aspects of marginalisation, which reaches an advanced stage in village and town ghettos. The causes leading to advanced marginality, severe poverty and social exclusion of Roma in the studied research sites were found to be similar on the two sides of the border, as were forms of school segregation. Successive waves of exodus of non-Roma from rural to urban areas were identified as common background patterns to ghettoisation in rural spaces. The wide educational gap between Roma and non-Roma that has been maintained and even grown after the fall of state socialism is also a shared disadvantage of Roma in the two countries, restricting the most skilled to precarious wage labour and the least skilled to virtual joblessness. Research results in rural contexts confirmed that if social and spatial (residential) forms of marginalisation overlap, children of segregated neighbourhoods are becoming trapped with rare exceptions by the separating aspirations of non-Roma parents and the segregating practices of the educational systems.
- ItemAirbnb in Budapest: analysing spatial patterns and room of hotels and peer-to-peer accomodations(2018) Boros, Lajos; Dudás, Gábor; Kovalcsik, Tamás; Papp, Sándor; Vida, GyörgyThe aim of the paper is to reveal how the proliferation of Airbnb is shaping hotel room and short-term accommodation rates in Budapest, which areas are most affected and whether there is any spatial concentration. We performed a manually made internet data query and applied GIS-based mapping methods to visualise the spatiality of Airbnb in Budapest and highlight the differences in room rates. Our results show that both the hotel and Airbnb supply concentrates mainly in the centre of the city, causing fierce competition between hotels and Airbnb hosts. Furthermore, Airbnb also has a strong impact on the rental market through the increasing rental prices.
- ItemAnalysis of the lowest airfares considering the different business models of airlines, the case of Budapest(2016) Dudás, Gábor; Boros, Lajos; Pál, Viktor; Pernyész, PéterThis study reports the findings of a research that compared the lowest airfares of full-service network carriers and low-cost airlines and mapped the cost distance between Budapest and European cities. The study investigated return air tickets for three time periods in 48 European cities for travellers who originated from Budapest. The study was based on quantitative research methods using automated internet data collection and a unique GIS-based mapping method to compare airfares and visualise the cost distance between European cities and Budapest. Our findings showed that low-cost airlines outperform full-service network carriers by offering lower-fare air tickets, while the cost distance maps showed that cities accessible by low-cost airlines are ‘closer’ to Budapest in general.
- ItemAssessing drought and drought-related wildfire risk in Kanjiza, Serbia: the SEERISK methodology(2015) Nagy, Imre; Marković, Vladimir; Sik, András; Perge, Kinga; László, Péter; Maria, Papathoma-Köhle; Promper, Catrin; Glade, ThomasClimate changes alter the frequency and magnitude of a range of physical processes that often have negative consequences on life and property. Decision makers, local authorities and other end users are in need of tools and methodologies for assessing the risk of natural hazards in order to be able to design strategies for reducing it. The SEERISK project is an EU project that aims at the harmonization of risk assessment methodologies in southeast Europe. For this reason, a common risk assessment methodology has been developed and was applied in six case study areas. One of them is Kanjiza municipality in Serbia. Major environmental concerns in Kanjiza municipality include the occurrence of drought and drought-related wildfires. Between 2001 and 2012, 12 drought periods were registered, and between 2007 and 2012, 210 wildfire incidents were recorded. The direct and indirect estimated damage of these events exceeded 200 million Euros. Apart from the monetary loss related to these incidents, there were one victim and one injured person related to a wildfire event in this period. This study demonstrates an application of the SEERISK methodology for drought and drought-related wildfire risk assessment. The results show that more than 80 % of the area under study belongs to the very high and high-risk categories. The SEERISK methodology and its application provide a useful tool for wildfire risk assessment. Given the high priority on protecting human life, crops and environment, the methodology we present here could have wide application across Serbia as well as in other countries facing similar hazards.
- ItemAssessing the sustainability of urbanization at the sub-national level : the Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity accounts of the Budapest Metropolitan Region, Hungary(2022) Kovács, Zoltán; Farkas, Jenő Zsolt; Szigeti, Cecília; Harangozó, GáborThe growing concentration of people and wealth often results in imbalances of resource consumption and carrying capacity, therefore, the sustainability assessment of urbanization can offer an important basis for global sustainable transition. This paper aims to provide an analysis of the environmental sustainability of urbanization in Hungary focusing on the long-term changes of ecological footprint and biocapacity at the sub-national level, with a special attention to the Budapest Metropolitan Region (BMR). During the research a hybrid method considering an input-output model and household consumption data was used for the calculation of regional ecological footprint, whereas biocapacity was measured on the basis of land use data. Findings suggest, that even though the ecological deficit of the country has been gradually decreasing since the early 2000s, due to a shrinking population and increasing biocapacity, the ecological overshoot is still significant in the case of Budapest and its agglomeration (30 fold and 2.4 fold respectively). The unsustainability of the BMR is caused partly by demographic factors (7.6% population growth as opposed to the the 7.7% decrease in the countryside) and partly by rising per capita ecological footprint values (especially in the agglomeration from 2.73 to 2.92 gha/capita), which are not balanced by biocapacity on the supply side. This research concluded that policy makers in ageing societies with a highly centralized urban system like Hungary should launch programmes targeted specifically to primary metropolitan areas to improve environmental efficiency and encourage people to change their consumption behaviour.
- ItemAszpekti modernizacii politiki regionalnovo razvitija v Centralnoj i Vosztocsnoj Evrope v kontekszte izmenenij v Evropejszkom Szojuze(2014) Horváth, GyulaThe paper analyzes the experince of structural and cohesion policies pursued by the countries of Eastern and Central Europe during their membership in the European Union. We can state that the countries - new members of the EU - displayed the increased economic, social, and infrastructural disparities. The paper considers the factors of the lowered effectiveness of regional policies such as the point of institutional equilibrium in regional policy, inevitable transboundary cooperation and the management of development plans as they are important for the purpose of coming planning for 2014-2020. The conclusion is to change factors of regional development means to change regional policies, their goals, tools and institutions with safeguarding national interests.
- ItemBargaining, learning and control: Production of consumption spaces in post-socialist context(2012) Nagy, ErikaPost-socialist economies that had been considered as markets of high growth potential by retailers grew increasingly contested during the last decade. The growth and restructuring in the retail sector resulted in a deeper embedding into global flows of goods, increasingly diverse consumption spaces, and changing socio-spatial practices. At the same time, the shifts and turns in the discourses over consumption and citizenship reflected the variety of social interests related to this issue and also the rise of new agents challenging major retailers’ dominance. This paper is focused on various interconnected strategies and practices – those of producers, retailers, property developers, local political elites and consumers – that are “at work” in post-socialist countries, producing new landscapes of shopping and driving discourses over consumption through which, individual and collective identities are constructed. Corporate strategies of retailers, such as their deeper embedding into post-socialist markets through the construction of supplier chains, branding policies, and exploiting local personal networks are analysed in political economic approach. Moreover, socio-spatial practices of consumers, whose decisions were (are) shaped by corporate strategies, as well as by experiencing and learning from past and recent changes are also discussed to reveal how new meanings are attached to various spaces. The findings that rest on series of case-studies focused on Hungary (Debrecen, Békéscsaba; Southeast Hungary) might support a better understanding of the production of consumption spaces and of socio-spatial inequalities in a post-socialist context.
- Item"Bons parents" et "enfants bien-aimés": parentalité intensive et pratiques quotidiennes dans les services d’aide à l’enfance en Hongrie(2020) Szőke, AlexandraThe current paper examines how transforming ideals of parenting have changed child welfare services in Hungary during the past decade or so. More specifically, it uncovers the ways parental determinism and intensive parenting have influenced caseworkers’ everyday practices as well as their relation to parents of different social and ethnic background. Until recently, child welfare services particularly focused on poor, uneducated (often Roma) families and assessed the fulfilment of material needs of children. Based on a year-long ethnographic research, the paper shows how the new parenting culture have changed caseworkers’ assessment of parental competence, the explanations for initiating child removals and ultimately their relations to parents of different social background. I argue that these decisions are largely influenced by ideals of “good/optimal” childhood, dominant parenting norms, conceptions about who are “good” parents, and dominant ideas of deservedness. While earlier neglect was assessed mostly in material terms, currently a strong emotional parent-child relationship is promoted. However, as my research shows, these are extremely subjective and fluid notions that are often used to reinforce personal convictions and dominant values about parenting, deservedness and social belonging.
- ItemBordering imaginaries and the everyday construction of the Mediterranean neighbourhood: Introduction to the special issue(2019) Scott, James W.; Celata, Filippo; Coletti, RaffaellaThis special issue of European Urban and Regional Studies maps out a move from a strictly geopolitical to more sociopolitical and socio-cultural interpretations of the European Union’s (EU’s) ‘Mediterranean neighbourhood’. In doing this, the authors propose a dialogic understanding of neighbourhood as a set of ideas and imaginaries that reflect not only top-down geopolitical imaginaries but also everyday images, representations and imaginations. The introduction briefly summarizes conceptualizations of ‘neighbourhood’ provided by the individual contributions that connect the realm of high politics with that of communities and individuals who are affected by and negotiate the EU’s Mediterranean borders. Specifically, three cases of socio-spatial imaginaries that exemplify patterns of differential inclusion of the ‘non-EU’ will be explored. The cases involve Italy–Tunisia cross-border relations, the EU’s post-‘Arab Spring’ engagement with civil society actors and the case of Northern Cyprus. The authors suggest that ‘neighbourhood’ can be conceptualized as a borderscape of interaction and agency that is politically framed in very general terms but that in detail is composed of many interlinked relational spaces. The European neighbourhood emerges as a patchwork of relations, socio-cultural encounters, confrontation and contestation, rather than merely as a cooperation policy or border regime.
- ItemBridging the gap: cross-border integration in the Slovak–Hungarian borderland around Štúrovo–Esztergom(2018) Balogh, Péter; Pete MártonOne of the main narratives of border studies in recent years has been that cross-border interactions rarely result in a thorough integration, with the border remaining a strong dividing line. While not questioning that grand narrative as a whole, this article contributes to nuancing the picture. Through the four analytical lenses proposed by Brunet-Jailly (2005. Theorizing Borders: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Geopolitics 10, no. 4: 633–649) we investigated the Slovak-Hungarian borderland around Štúrovo and Esztergom, where substantial developments towards a thorough integration of the two sides have actually taken place. The empirical material is based on personal interviews with 26 local elites, statistical data, field observations, etc. Two dimensions emerge as particularly important behind this integration. One is related to market forces: a long-lasting severe economic situation including high unemployment on the rather agriculture-dominated Slovakian side has pushed thousands to daily commute to work on the industrially oriented Hungarian side, where demand for labor has been high. The other key dimension is related to the local cross-border culture, where shared identities and common languages on both sides have led to intensive cultural and educational exchange. These developments were also facilitated by the policy activities of multiple levels of government and the local political clout. Our case contradicts the now common idea that increasing cross-border integration coincides with decreasing cross-border mobility.
- ItemBudowanie od podstaw: Przypadek Kolektywu Rákóczi w Budapeszcie(2017) Jelinek, Csaba; Pósfai, Zsuzsanna; Gagyi, Ágnes; Szarvas, Márton
- ItemCEU’s fate a symbol of what went wrong(2017) Balogh, Péter
- ItemThe change of the urban network along the middle and lower Danube since the transition(2013) Hardi, Tamás; Mladenov, Chavdar; Săgeătă, Radu; Kazakov, BorisThe economy and urban development of the riparian regions have been partly determined by the Danube as an inland navigation line (e.g. Dunaújváros, Smederovo, Lom, Calaraşi etc.), or the economy of these towns has been based on the other features of the river (e.g. Komárom/Komarno, Nyergesújfalu, Paks, Orsova, Vidin, Kozloduy etc.). In the aftermaths of the collapse of the communist regimes and the Soviet Union and the blockade of the traffic due to the crisis of ex-Yugoslavia, the role of the Danubian transport line was changed radically (Hardi 2012). Due to these changes and the emergence of the new economy, the function and situation of these towns transformed in the last two decades. Some of them could use the new possibilities, but many of them lost their economic basis and population, becoming a peripheral region or town. Our paper gives a comparative study about the features of the Danube towns, and characterizes the typical development ways of the riparian towns. The present study summarizes the experiences of an academic exchange programme among Romanian, Bulgarian and Hungarian institutions.
- ItemChanges in the role of rural areas around a city(2012) Mezei, István
- ItemChanging economic positions of the regions during the post-crisis decade in Hungary(2021) Zsibók, ZsuzsannaMost Central and Eastern European countries converged to the EU average in terms of per capita GDP over the post-crisis decade, which was mostly fueled by the increase of employment. At the same time, labour productivity increased at a significantly slower pace, or it even decreased in some years or areas in real terms, which was also the case in Hungary. The most successful regions were not definitely the capital regions, but those that relied heavily on FDI inflow. However, in the last few years of the previous decade, as a result of the high-pressure economy, economic dynamism reappeared in the central region of Hungary and it regained its leading position. We intend to study the regional dynamics of the gr owth factors over the period after the global financial and economic crisis in Hungary; and to assess the importance of FDI in determining these growth trends. We use explorative statistical methods to analyze the decade -long economic trends regarding the most important labour -market and output indicators at the NUTS3 level provided by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. The main message of our paper is that for regions with a high degree of FDI their sectoral structure ensures economic stability, whi le the central region is more vulnerable to the fluctuations of demand-side pressure. At the same time, backward regions are stagnating due to the lack of positive spatial spillover effects.